APOCYNACEAE

the dogbane family of flowering plants of the gentian order (Gentianales), including more than 150 genera and about 1,000 species of trees, shrubs, woody vines, and herbs, distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Members of the family have milky, often poisonous juice; smooth-margined leaves; and flowers in clusters (rarely solitary). The fruit may be berrylike or fleshy but usually is a dry pod (follicle) that splits open at maturity, releasing many winged or tufted seeds. Garden ornamentals belonging to the family include periwinkle (Vinca), oleander (Nerium), yellow oleander (Thevetia), frangipani (Plumeria), Natal plum (Carissa), and crepe jasmine (Tabernaemontana coronaria). Several species of the genera Trachelospermum (especially star jasmine, T. jasminoides), Mandevilla, and Allamanda are attractive woody vines. Dogbane (Apocynum) and Amsonia sometimes are grown as ornamentals. The genera Adenium and Pachypodium are African succulents with alternate leaves and strangely shaped trunks. The impala lily (Adenium multiflorum) is an ornamental shrub with star-shaped flowers and large underground tubers. Arrow poisons are obtained from many plants in the dogbane family, and the poisonous alkaloids of species belonging to the genera Strophanthus and Rauwolfia (qq.v.) also are used in medicines.