ARTESIA

city, Eddy county, southeastern New Mexico, U.S., near the Pecos River. It originated in 1890 as a stop (called Miller) on the old stagecoach route between Roswell and Carlsbad. As a livestock-shipping point on the Pecos Valley Southern Railway (completed 1894), it was known as Stegman. It adopted its present name in 1905 following the discovery of an underground artesian water basin. Artesia is a trade centre and shipping point for the surrounding irrigated farmlands (wool, cotton, alfalfa, feeds) and ranchlands. Nearby oil and gas fields (discovered in 1923) support refineries, extraction plants, and petrochemical industries. Potash mining is also of economic importance in the area. The first underground school (Abo Elementary) in the United States, designed for safety against atomic radiation and fallout, was built within the city. Inc. village, 1905; city, 1930. Pop. (1992 est.) 11,071.