ARUPA-LOKA

(Sanskrit and Pali: world of immaterial form), in Buddhist thought, the highest of the three spheres of existence in which rebirth takes place. The other two are rupa-loka, the world of form, and kama-loka, the world of feeling (the three are also referred to as arupa-dhatu, rupa-dhatu, and kama-dhatu, the realms of formlessness, form, and feeling). In arupa-loka, existence depends on the stage of concentration attained, and there are four levels: the infinity of space, the infinity of thought, the infinity of nonbeing, and the infinity of neither consciousness nor nonconsciousness. The rupa-loka, which is free from sensuous desire but is still conditioned by form, is inhabited by gods. It is also further subdivided into the spheres inhabited by Brahma, by the luminous deities, by the blissful gods, and by the deities of great fruits. Kama-loka includes the six heavens of the lesser gods and the five lower worlds (the worlds of men, demons, ghosts, animals, and purgatory). As superior as is rebirth in the higher worlds, such an existence is nonetheless temporary, subject to change, and involves the fundamental conflicts of existence within the limits of transmigration. This can be broken only by further spiritual insight, resulting in Nirv ana and release from the cycle of rebirths.