BALCON, SIR MICHAEL

born May 19, 1896, Birmingham, Warwick, Eng. died Oct. 17, 1977, Hartfield, East Sussex motion-picture producer, a leader in the British cinema industry. He began his career as a producer in 1922, founded and directed Gainsborough Pictures, Ltd., in 1928, and became the director of production for Gaumont-British Pictures, Ltd., in 1931. From 1936 to 1938 he worked as producer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and from 1938 to 1959 as executive producer of Ealing Films, Ltd. In 1959 he became an independent producer. He was knighted in 1948. Balcon believed that British films should be designed for a specific home market, as opposed to those who wanted to compete with Hollywood in the international market, resulting in Ealing's production of patriotic adventure films during World War II. After the war Balcon produced at Ealing a series of witty comedies (many of them starring Alec Guinness) reflecting the social conditions of postwar Britain, such as Passport to Pimlico (1949), Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949), and The Lavender Hill Mob (1951); they found an international audience.