BELLOWS, GEORGE WESLEY

born Aug. 12, 1882, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. died Jan. 8, 1925, New York, N.Y. American painter and lithographer noted for his paintings of action scenes and for his expressive portraits and seascapes. Bellows attended Ohio State University before moving in 1904 to New York City, where he studied at the New York School of Art under Robert Henri, leader of the group of American realist painters called The Eight. Bellows's early works show the influence of Henri in their dark, tonal palette, vigorous brushwork, and urban subject matter; typical of this period is Forty-Two Kids (1907), a painting of slum children swimming and diving in the East River. Bellows's dramatic, evocative paintings of prizefights, such as Stag at Sharkey's and Both Members of This Club (both 1909), date from this period as well; they remain among his most famous works. In 1909 Bellows was elected an associate member of the National Academy of Design; he gained full membership in 1913. From 1910 he taught at the Art Students League in New York. Between 1912 and 1917 he contributed illustrations to the socialist magazine The Masses. Bellows was one of the organizers of the Armory Show of 1913, which introduced European modernist art to American artists and critics. The show had a marked influence on Bellows, and he supported many of the avant-garde art organizations then being established, including the Society of Independent Artists, of which he was a founding director. Although he remained a realist painter, his later works reveal an intensified interest in theory. He began to use a greater range of colour and to experiment with various compositional systems. The subject matter of his work also changed: many of the best works from this later period are intimate portraits of friends and family members, including My Mother (1921). He also turned increasingly to painting seascapes-notably at Monhegan Island, Maine-and rural landscapes. From 1916 Bellows experimented with lithography, producing nearly 200 prints. Among the best known is Dempsey and Firpo (1924; he also produced a painting with this title), a boxing scene that displays the solid modeling of form and geometric approach to design characteristic of Bellows's later paintings. Additional reading Marianne Doezema, George Bellows and Urban America (1992); Michael Quick et al., The Paintings of George Bellows (1992).