BERGMAN, INGMAR

born July 14, 1918, Uppsala, Swed. in full Ernst Ingmar Bergman Swedish film writer-director who achieved world fame with such films as Det sjunde inseglet (1956; The Seventh Seal); Smultronstllet (1957; Wild Strawberries); the trilogy Ssom i en spegel (1961; Through a Glass Darkly), Nattsvardsgsterna (1961; The Communicants, or Winter Light), Tystnaden (1963; The Silence); and Viskingar och rop (1972; Cries and Whispers). He is noted for his versatile camera work and for his fragmented narrative style, which contribute to his bleak depiction of human loneliness, vulnerability, and torment. Additional reading Jorn Donner, Djvulens ansikte: Ingmar Bergmans filmer (1962; Eng. trans., The Personal Vision of Ingmar Bergman, 1964), a perceptive study of Bergman's themes and images by a fellow filmmaker; John Russell Taylor, Cinema Eye, Cinema Ear (1964), contains a critical study of Bergman, filmography, and bibliography; Henrik Sjogren, Ingmar Bergman p teatern (1968), a complete account of Bergman's theatrical work, with pictures and credits; Four Screenplays of Ingmar Bergman: Smiles of a Summer Night, The Seventh Seal, Wild Strawberries, The Magician (The Face) (1960), and A Trilogy: Through a Glass Darkly, Winter Light, The Silence (1965), two collections of English translations of Bergman's principal screenplays. Major Works: Kris (1945; Crisis); Skepp till Indialand (1947; A Ship to India, or The Land of Desire); Hamnstad (1948; Port of Call); Fngelse (1949; Prison, or The Devil's Wanton); Trst (1949; Thirst, or Three Strange Loves); Till gldje (1949; To Joy); Sommarlek (1951; Illicit Interlude, or Summer Interlude); Kvinnors vntan (1952; Secrets of Women, or Waiting Women); Gycklarnas afton (1953; The Naked Night, or Sawdust and Tinsel); En lektion i krlek (1954; A Lesson in Love); Kvinnodrm (1955; Dreams, or Journey into Autumn); Sommarnattens leende (1955; Smiles of a Summer Night); Det sjunde inseglet (1956; The Seventh Seal); Smultronstllet (1957; Wild Strawberries); Nra livet (1958; Brink of Life, or So Close to Life); Ansiktet (1958; The Magician, or The Face); Jungfrukllan (1960; The Virgin Spring); Djvulens ga (1960; The Devil's Eye); Ssom i en spegel (1961; Through a Glass Darkly); Nattsvardsgsterna (1961; Winter Light); Tystnaden (1963; The Silence); Fr att inte tala om alla dessa kvinnor (1964; All These Women, or Now About These Women); Persona (1966); Vargtimmen (1968; Hour of the Wolf); Skammen (1968; Shame); En passion (1969; The Passion of Anna); Berringen (1971; The Touch); Viskingar och rop (1972; Cries and Whispers); Scener ur ett aktenskap (1974; Scenes from a Marriage ); Trollflojten (1974; The Magic Flute); The Serpent's Egg (1977); Herbstsonate (1978; Autumn Sonata); From the Life of the Marionettes (1980); Fanny och Alexander (1983; Fanny and Alexander).