BKA'-BRGYUD-PA

also spelled Kagyupa (Tibetan: Transmitted Word), third largest Buddhist sect in Tibet. Its members are followers of the 11th-century teacher Mar-pa, who distinguished himself as a translator of Buddhist texts while continuing to live the life of a householder. Mar-pa studied in India under the master yogin (spiritual adept, or ascetic) Naropa, and the school stresses the more severe practices of Hatha Yoga (Yoga of Force). Mar-pa's chief disciple was Mi-la ras-pa (Milarepa), who is revered as the greatest poet-saint in Tibetan history. Mi-la ras-pa in turn transmitted the teachings to Sgam-po-pa, whose own disciples established six separate schools of Bka'-brgyud-pa thought, known for the most part by the names of their monasteries but differing little in doctrine. Of these, the Karma-pa (also known by the nickname of a subsect, the Red Hats) was, during the 15th to early 17th century, the chief rival of the now-predominant Dge-lugs-pa for the temporal authority of Tibet, while the 'Brug-pa became the main school of Buddhism in Bhutan.