BLANCHFIELD, FLORENCE A.

born April 1, 1884, Shepherdstown, W.Va., U.S. died May 12, 1971, Washington, D.C. Colonel Florence Blanchfield being decorated, 1943. American nurse and army officer who succeeded in winning the status of full rank for U.S. Army nurses and became the first woman to hold a regular commission in that military branch. Blanchfield was educated at business college in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, at the University of California, and at Columbia University in New York City. In 1906 she graduated from the South Side Training School for Nurses in Pittsburgh. After additional training at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, she entered upon a succession of posts in Pennsylvania and the Canal Zone (1913). In 1917 she enlisted in the Army Nurse Corps, and she served in France until 1919. She subsequently was assigned to army hospitals in Michigan, California, the Philippines, Washington, D.C., Georgia, Missouri, and China; she also served for a time in the office of the surgeon general. In 1942 she was given a commission as lieutenant colonel to serve as assistant to Colonel Julia Flikke, superintendent of the Army Nurse Corps. Because their ranks were found to be without legal basis, they were paid as major and lieutenant colonel, respectively, and when Blanchfield succeeded Flikke as superintendent in 1943, she made it one of her concerns to secure full rank, as opposed to relative rank (which consisted of the formality but not the pay or benefits of full rank), for army nurses. During World War II Blanchfield supervised the worldwide work of some 60,000 nurses on all fronts. Her case for full rank was won on a temporary basis in 1944, and in April 1947 both the army and the navy revised regulations to permit women to hold full rank. Blanchfield thereupon received from General Dwight D. Eisenhower the first regular army commission to be awarded to a woman. She retired that year and thereafter lived in Arlington, Virginia.