BLOCH, JEAN-RICHARD

born May 25, 1884, Paris, France died March 15, 1947, Paris French essayist, novelist, and playwright active in the cause of socialism. In 1910, while teaching in Poitiers, Bloch started L'Effort libre, a review of revolutionary civilization. His essay Naissance d'une culture (1936; Birth of a Culture) called for an art that would associate the democratic tradition with a proletarian culture. The stories in Lvy (1912) include penetrating studies of Jewish psychology, and his Balzacian novel . . . et Cie (1918; . . . & Co.) deals with a family of Jewish cloth manufacturers who leave Alsace in 1870 and create a flourishing business in Normandy. He paid lyrical homage to the grandeur of the East in his imaginative La Nuit Kurde (1925; A Night in Kurdistan). His plays included a modern legend, Le Dernier Empereur (1926; The Last Emperor), and a popular fairy play, Dix filles dans un pr (1930; Ten Girls in a Meadow). Bloch, one of the writers associated with the Marxist review Clart, spent most of World War II in Moscow.