BOBRZYNSKI, MICHAL

born Sept. 30, 1849, Krakw, Pol., Austrian Empire died July 3, 1935, Poznan, Pol. Polish historian and Conservative politician who maintained that the weakening of the central government had been the main cause of the 18th-century partitions of Poland and, on that basis, inaugurated a reappraisal of Poland's history. Professor of legal history at the University of Krakw (1877), Bobrzynski studied (187385) the social history of medieval Poland, published his politically influential Dzieje Polski (History of Poland) in 1879, and became the chief exponent of the pessimistic (or Krakw) school of Polish historiography, which sharply criticized Poland's former political and social institutions. Entering politics in 1885, he served in the Galician Diet and in the Vienna Reichsrat (legislature). Galician viceroy (190813) and minister in Vienna (1917), he retired after 1918 but continued writing historical works and serving as a government adviser.