BROD, MAX

born May 27, 1884, Prague, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary [now in Czech Republic] died Dec. 20, 1968, Tel Aviv, Israel Czech-born, German-language novelist and essayist known primarily as the friend of Franz Kafka and as the editor of his major works, which were published after Kafka's death. Brod studied law at the University of Prague, and in 1902 he met and befriended Kafka. Brod later worked as a minor government official and as a drama critic. He was an active Zionist from 1912, and he went to Palestine in 1939, fleeing the Nazi invasion of Czechoslovakia. He was subsequently a drama adviser to the Habima theatre company in Tel Aviv. Brod and Kafka were lifelong friends. The latter had instructed Brod to destroy his unpublished manuscripts after his death, but Brod defied the wishes of his late friend and instead edited and published the materials in the 1930s. Brod's own numerous novels, blending fantasy, mysticism, and eroticism, are written in a direct style. His most famous work is a historical novel, Tycho Brahes Weg zu Gott (1916; The Redemption of Tycho Brahe). Other novels, such as Die Frau, nach der man sich sehnt (1927; Three Loves) and Zauberreich der Liebe (1928; The Magic Realm of Love), deal sensitively with the problems of love. His Franz Kafka, eine Biographie (1937; Franz Kafka: A Biography), presents a highly developed, personal point of view. Brod also edited Kafka's diaries (194849) and letters (1954 and 1958). Among Brod's other works are collections of essays, Heidentum, Christentum, Judentum (1921; Paganism, Christianity, Judaism: A Confession) and Diesseits und Jenseits, 2 vol. (194647; On This Side and on the Other Side), which attempt to define a modern Zionist's intellectual position.