CARMEL

also called Carmel-by-the-sea, city, Monterey county, western California, U.S., on the Carmel River and Carmel Bay, adjacent to Monterey. The river was named by the Spanish explorer Sebastin Vizcano and a group of Carmelite friars in 1602. The nearby Mission San Carlos Borromo del Ro Carmelo was founded in 1770 at Monterey by the Spanish Franciscan missionary Junpero Serra; it was moved to the Carmel area in 1771, and Serra is buried in the sanctuary. The city, which was founded in 1904 as an art colony, has few sidewalks or street signs and has a wide mixture of architectural styles. Tourism is the economic mainstay. In addition to many art galleries and the Carmel Mission, attractions include the Biblical Garden, Point Lobos State Reserve, 3 mi (5 km) south, and the scenic Seventeen-Mile Drive to Pacific Grove. Inc. 1916. Pop. (1990) 4,239.