CARPENTER, EDWARD

born Aug. 29, 1844, Brighton, Sussex, Eng. died June 28, 1929, Guildford, Surrey English writer identified with social reform and the late 19th-century anti-industrial Arts and Crafts Movement. Carpenter entered the University of Cambridge in 1864 and was elected a fellow and ordained in 1869. In 1874, revolting against the social and religious conventions of his time, he became a traveling lecturer for the newly founded university extension movement, which attempted to serve people unable to attend the universities. Carpenter had long been influenced by the work of Walt Whitman, whose verse forms he followed in his long, unrhymed poem Towards Democracy (1883; expanded 1905). He had met Whitman on a visit to the United States in 1877. In 1883 he bought a small farm in Derbyshire, where he lived until 1922 with a succession of working-class friends. As a socialist, he was a follower of William Morris and was more interested in the reform of society and the return to rural crafts than in political revolution. His papers on social subjects (England's Ideal, 1887; Civilization: Its Cause and Cure, 1889, enlarged, 1921) brought him many visitors. These papers were widely translated, as were his later works on the relation of art to life (Angels' Wings, 1898; The Art of Creation, 1904) and on relationships between the sexes (Love's Coming-of-Age, 1896; The Intermediate Sex, 1908)both influenced by Havelock Ellis. He had a lifelong interest in music and composed the well-known labour song England Arise.