CARRACCI, LODOVICO

baptized April 21, 1555, Bologna, Papal States died Nov. 13?, 1619, Bologna Italian painter and printmaker noted for his religious compositions and for the art academy he helped found in Bologna about 1585, which helped renew Italian art in the wake of Mannerism. The son of a butcher, Lodovico was the older cousin of the painters Annibale and Agostino Carracci. After working under the painter Prospero Fontana in Bologna, Lodovico visited Florence, Parma, and Venice before returning to his native Bologna. There, about 1585, he and his cousins founded the Accademia degli Incamminati, an art school that became the most progressive and influential institution of its kind in Italy. Lodovico led this school for the next 20 years, during which time he and his cousins trained some of the leading Italian artists of the younger generation, notably Guido Reni and Domenichino. The teaching techniques of the Carraccis' academy were based on frequent observation of nature, the study and revision of poses from life, and boldness of scale in drawing figures with chalk. In his own paintings of religious subjects, Lodovico gave his figures strong gestures amid flickering plays of light in order to communicate a sense of mystery and passionate spiritual emotion. The Madonna and Child with St. Francis, St. Joseph, and Donors (1591; Municipal Art Gallery, Cento) is typical of his early work. Lodovico's imaginative approach to religious sentiment and his emphasis on mood would influence various Italian Baroque painters. Lodovico collaborated with his cousins on various fresco commissions, and, after the death of Annibale in 1609, he remained active in Bologna, where he painted a succession of altarpieces in an increasingly grandiose and heavily mannered style until his own death in 1619.