CLURMAN, HAROLD

born Sept. 18, 1901, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Sept. 9, 1980, New York City influential and respected American theatrical director and drama critic. Clurman attended Columbia University in New York City, then the University of Paris, where he received a degree in letters in 1923. He made his stage debut the following year as an extra at the Greenwich Village Theatre in New York City. In 1931 Clurman became a founding member of the Group Theatre, an experimental company, for which he directed several plays, notably Awake and Sing! (1935) by Clifford Odets. Clurman's achievements as a director range over many categories of drama, including Carson McCullers' Member of the Wedding (1950), Jean Giraudoux's drama of ideas Tiger at the Gates (1955), and Jean Anouilh's farce Waltz of the Toreadors (1957). He also directed Eugene O'Neill's Touch of the Poet (1957) and Arthur Miller's Incident at Vichy (1965). Financed by a grant from the U.S. State Department, Clurman directed the Kumo Theatre Company of Japan in O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night (1965) and The Iceman Cometh (1968). Clurman also became a drama critic, writing for the weekly magazine The New Republic in 194852, then for the weekly The Nation from 1953 until his death. He also wrote On Directing (1972); The Divine Pastime (1974), theatrical essays; and his memoirs, All People Are Famous (1974).