COOLIDGE, MARTHA

born Aug. 17, 1946, New Haven, Conn., U.S. American filmmaker who achieved commercial success directing films often underlain by a feminist perspective. Coolidge's father was a professor of architecture at Yale University (and third cousin of U.S. President Calvin Coolidge), and her parents encouraged her to be an artist. She pursued a career as a folksinger but, unsuccessful, turned to acting, which eventually led to her interest in directing films. She enrolled at the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, where she studied directing and produced an animated short for her first film. During the Vietnam War she moved to Canada, where she worked for a daily children's television program. Upon her return to the United States she studied at New York University's film school, the School of Visual Arts, and Columbia Graduate School, both in New York City. She then began to make highly praised and personal documentary films, including Not a Pretty Picture (1975), her semiautobiographical film about date rape. After failing to complete Photoplay, a film on which she had worked for two and a half years, Coolidge again went to Canada, where she directed a television miniseries. Back in the United States, she achieved her first commercial success. In 1983 she became one of few women ever to direct a teen movie with the highly successful Valley Girl. She directed her first major Hollywood studio movie, Real Genius, in 1985. She also directed the 1991 feature film Rambling Rose. Her later films include Lost in Yonkers (1993), based on Neil Simon's award-winning play; Angie (1994), a feminist film that examines the friendship between two women as one of them faces single motherhood; and Out to Sea (1997), starring Walter Matthau and Jack Lemmon. She also directed the made-for-television movie Introducing Dorothy Dandridge (1999). Coolidge served on the boards of several film organizations and was instrumental in the founding of the Association of Independent Video and Filmmakers.