CORK, RICHARD BOYLE, 1ST EARL OF

born Oct. 13, 1566, Canterbury, Kent, Eng. died Sept. 15, 1643, Youghal, County Cork, Ire. English colonizer of Munster (southwestern Ireland) who became one of the most powerful landed and industrial magnates in 17th-century Ireland. Educated at the University of Cambridge, Boyle went to Ireland in 1588. He became subescheator under Ireland's escheator general and used his office to enrich himself, only to lose his property in the Munster rebellion in 1598. Returning to England, he was imprisoned on charges of embezzlement arising from his activities in Ireland. He was acquitted by a royal court, however, and in 1600 Queen Elizabeth I appointed him clerk of the council of Munster. Two years later, Boyle bought Sir Walter Raleigh's estates in the counties of Cork, Waterford, and Tipperary. By employing settlers imported from England, he developed his lands and founded ironworks and other industries. The enormous wealth he accumulated brought him honours and political influence. Created Earl of Cork in 1620, he was appointed a lord high justice in 1629 and lord high treasurer in 1631. Nevertheless, soon after Sir Thomas Wentworth (afterward Earl of Strafford) went to Ireland as lord deputy in 1633, Cork was fined heavily for possessing defective titles to some of his estates. Thereafter his political influence declined. By his wife, Catherine, Cork had eight daughters and seven sons, including the renowned chemist Robert Boyle and the statesman-dramatist Roger, 1st Earl of Orrery.