CORNELL, JOSEPH

born Dec. 24, 1903, Nyack, N.Y., U.S. died Dec. 29, 1972, New York City U.S. artist, one of the originators of the form of sculpture called assemblage, in which unlikely objects are joined together in an unorthodox unity. Cornell was self-taught, and in the 1930s and 1940s he associated with Surrealist artists and writers, concerned with expressing the subconscious, his works being presented in the first U.S. exhibition of Surrealists (New York City, 1932). Many of Cornell's works take the form of glass-fronted boxes containing objects and collage elements arranged in enigmatic, often poetic juxtaposition. Recurrent themes and motifs include astronomy, music, commedia dell'arte, birds, seashells, broken crystal, and souvenirs of travel. Chocolat Menier (1950), for example, is a spare yet fanciful boxed collage of tattered labels and worn surfaces. Additional reading Dore Ashton, A Joseph Cornell Album (1974, reprinted 1989); Kynaston McShine (ed.), Joseph Cornell (1980, reissued 1996); Deborah Solomon, Utopia Parkway: The Life and Work of Joseph Cornell (1997).