CROATIA, FLAG OF

horizontally striped red-white-blue national flag with the national coat of arms in its centre. It has a width-to-length ratio of 1 to 2. Croatia was under Hungarian rule in the mid-19th century, but Croatian nationalists attempted to revolt in 1848, at which time they chose a flag to symbolize their cause. The red-white-blue colours of the flag were inspired by the flag of imperial Russia, which was an opponent of Austria-Hungary and hence a potential Croatian ally. Although Croatians were unable to establish their independence at that time, the flag remained a symbol of aspirations for the future. In April 1941 the fascist Ustaa took advantage of the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia to proclaim the Independent State of Croatia. To the old red-white-blue flag it added the historical shield of Croatia, a checkerboard of red and white. The Ustaa party emblem was also introduced in the upper hoist corner of the flag. The Ustaa emblem was replaced by a communist symbola yellow-bordered red starwhen Croatia became part of postwar Yugoslavia under Marshal Josip Broz Tito. The star was dropped from the flag when Croatia again sought its independence in 1990. The current national flag was officially adopted on December 22, 1990. In addition to the stripes and the shield of Croatia, there is a distinctive crown encompassing five shields from the Croatian past. These include the oldest known shield of Croatia and the shields of Dubrovnik (also known as Ragusa), Dalmatia, Istria, and Slavonia. Whitney Smith