CYRIL OF JERUSALEM, SAINT

born c. 315, Jerusalem died 386?, Jerusalem; feast day March 18 bishop of Jerusalem and doctor of the church who fostered the development of the holy city as a pilgrimage centre for all Christendom. A senior presbyter when he succeeded Maximus as bishop (c. 350), Cyril was exiled about 357 and at two later times from his see by the Arians. Many years later at the Council of Constantinople (381) there was evidence that he might have been suspected by the strictly orthodox for his associations with the Homoiousians (moderate Arians), who had reinstated him as bishop at the Council of Seleucia (359). He retained his bishopric during the reign of Emperor Julian the Apostate (361363). Cyril's primary surviving work is a collection of 23 catechetical lectures (Catecheses) delivered to candidates for Baptism. The first 18, based on the Jerusalem baptismal creed, were given during Lent, and the concluding 5 instructed the newly baptized during the week after Easter. Cyril's eucharistic theology is an advance on that of earlier writers: he interprets the Lord's presence in the terms of the later dogma of transubstantiation (q.v.) and describes the rite in pronounced sacrificial language. Cyril was declared a doctor of the church in 1883.