DANCOURT, FLORENT CARTON

born Nov. 1, 1661, Fontainebleau, Fr. died Dec. 7, 1725, Courcelles-le-Roi, near Orlans actor and playwright who created the French comedy of manners and was one of the most popular of French dramatists before the Revolution. Born into an established bourgeois family, Dancourt was educated in Paris by Jesuits and studied law. In 1680 he married an actress, Thrse de La Thorillire. They debuted with the Comdie-Franaise in 1685, beginning an association that flourished for 33 years. Dancourt's skill as a comic actor and playwright brought him the favour of Louis XIV and established him as the successor to Molire. Like Molire, Dancourt was expert at portraying current social types, and his comedies often seized on recent scandals to ridicule the decadence and social pretenses of the period. Written in prose and never assuming artistic greatness, they were peopled by characters whose vices were made hilarious by Dancourt's witty, effortless dialogue and his ability to make the most of a comic situation. His best-known work, Le Chevalier la mode (1687; The Knight la Mode), deals with a fortune hunter's simultaneous courtship of three women. Other plays are Les Bourgeoises la mode (1692) and Les Bourgeoises de qualit (1700), in which middle-class women ape the nobility, La Dsolation des joueuses (1687), on the current gambling rage, and La Maison de campagne (1688; The Country House), making fun of crude provincial manners. Of over 50 plays printed under Dancourt's name, an undetermined number were collaborations with other writers. In 1718 Dancourt abruptly retired to his estate, devoting himself until his death to translating the Psalms.