DAVENPORT, THOMAS

born July 9, 1802, Williamstown, Vt., U.S. died July 6, 1851, Salisbury, Vt. American inventor of what was probably the first commercially successful electric motor, which he used with great ingenuity to power a number of established inventions. A blacksmith in Brandon, Vt., Davenport began experimenting with electromagnets after observing one in use at an ironworks in Crown Point, N.Y., in 1831. By 1834 he had constructed his first electric motor. Operated by battery power, the motor consisted of a wheel, two spokes of which were electromagnets, situated between two stationary electromagnets. The magnets on the wheel were connected to a commutator switch; when current was applied, the wheel rotated rapidly. The next year Davenport utilized an electric motor to propel a small car around a circular track, the first recorded instance of an electric railway. In 1837 he received a patent for Improvements in propelling machinery by magnetism and electromagnetism. Largely unsuccessful in obtaining financial backing, Davenport established a workshop in New York City and began publishing a short-lived journal of electromagnetism and mechanics; the journal was printed on a printing press operated by an electric motor that Davenport had invented.