DONATELLO

born c. 1386, Florence died Dec. 13, 1466, Florence master of sculpture in both marble and bronze, one of the greatest of all Italian Renaissance artists. A good deal is known about Donatello's life and career, but little is known about his character and personality, and what is known is not wholly reliable. He never married and he seems to have been a man of simple tastes. Patrons often found him hard to deal with in a day when artists' working conditions were regulated by guild rules. Donatello seemingly demanded a measure of artistic freedom. Although he knew a number of Humanists well, the artist was not a cultured intellectual. His Humanist friends attest that he was a connoisseur of ancient art. The inscriptions and signatures on his works are among the earliest examples of the revival of classical Roman lettering. He had a more detailed and wide-ranging knowledge of ancient sculpture than any other artist of his day. His work was inspired by ancient visual examples, which he often daringly transformed. Though he was traditionally viewed as essentially a realist, later research indicates he was much more. Additional reading H.W. Janson, The Sculpture of Donatello, 2 vol., (1957), available also in a 1-vol. ed. with fewer illustrations (1963, reissued 1979), is an exhaustive critical catalog, with full digest of documents, sources, and scholarly literature up to 1955. Bonnie A. Bennett and David G. Wilkins, Donatello (1984), synthesizes current scholarship. John Pope-Hennessy, Italian Renais- sance Sculpture, 3rd ed. (1985); and Charles Seymour, Sculpture in Italy: 1400 to 1500 (1966), both contain stimulating discussions of Donatello in the context of the art of his time.