DUVIVIER, JULIEN (HENRI NICOLAS)

born Oct. 8, 1896, Lille, Fr. died Oct. 29, 1967, Paris motion-picture director who emerged as one of the Big Five of the French cinema in the 1930s. Duvivier's use of poetic realism, which characterized the works of the avant-garde filmmakers of that decade, won him international acclaim. Duvivier, who was educated at a Jesuit college and had a brief career as an actor on the Paris stage, began his film career as an assistant to such film directors as Marcel l'Herbier and Louis Feuillade and as an occasional script writer. Neither his first film, Haceldama (1919), nor the 20 other features he directed during the 1920s gained him much of a following, but with Au bonheur des dames (1929; To the Happiness of the Ladies) Duvivier began a series of films that made his reputation. They included Poil de carotte (1932; Carrot Top), Maria Chapdelaine (1934), Pp le Moko (1937), and Un Carnet de bal (1937). Then, in 1938 Duvivier was invited to Hollywood to direct The Great Waltz, a lavish, popularized version of Johann Strauss's life. During World War II Duvivier returned to the United States, where he directed The Tales of Manhattan (1942), Flesh and Fantasy (1943), and The Impostor (1944). Returning to Europe after the war, Duvivier directed a number of successful films such as the British Anna Karenina (1948), Sous le ciel de Paris (1950; Under the Paris Sky, 1951), Le Petit Monde de Don Camillo (1951; The Little World of Don Camillo), and Diaboliquement Vtre (1967; Diabolically Yours).