FRASCATI

town and episcopal see, Roma provincia, Lazio (Latium) regione, central Italy. It lies on the northern slopes of the Alban Hills, 16 miles (21 km) southeast of Rome. The town of Frascati seems to have arisen on the site of a large villa in the 9th century and expanded after the destruction in 1191 of the ancient city of Tusculum (q.v.), 1.5 miles (2.4 km) northeast, whose inhabitants sought refuge there. A medieval papal possession, it was a favourite summer residence of the Roman nobility from the time of the Renaissance; notable villas include the Falconieri, Torlonia, Lancellotti, Aldobrandini, and Mondragone. The town's cathedral contains a memorial to Charles Edward the Young Pretender (the last serious Stuart claimant to the British throne), whose body rested there for a time; his brother Henry Stuart, cardinal duke of York, was bishop of Frascati and left a library, the Biblioteca Eboracense. During World War II the town was the German army headquarters of Field Marshal Albert Kesselring and suffered severe damage from Allied bombings. Restorations of the churches and villas have been carried out wherever possible. Linked with Rome by railway and bus service, Frascati is residential in character and is mainly concerned with tourism and wine production. Pop. (1981 prelim.) mun., 18,998.