GOLOVKIN, GAVRIIL IVANOVICH, COUNT

(Graf) born 1660, Russia died 1734 Russian statesman and diplomat who was a close associate of Peter I the Great (reigned 1682-1725) and became Russia's first state chancellor. A relative of Peter's mother, Natalya Naryshkina, Golovkin became a member of the royal court in 1677, and during Peter's childhood he actively supported the Naryshkins in their efforts to overthrow the regent, Peter's half sister Sophia Alekseyevna. When they succeeded (1689), Golovkin was appointed director of the state treasury. In 1697-98 he accompanied Peter on his grand tour of western Europe and worked with him in the Dutch shipbuilding yards. But when they returned home and Russia entered the Great Northern War against Sweden (1700), Golovkin became primarily engaged in diplomatic activities; in 1706 he was placed in charge of Russia's foreign affairs. He was promoted to the new position of state chancellor in 1709, and in 1710 he was honoured with the title "count." When Catherine I (reigned 1725-27) succeeded Peter I, Golovkin became a member of the Supreme Privy Council, which assumed most state administrative functions. Catherine also named him the executor of her will, which left the Russian throne to Peter's descendants. Golovkin faithfully supported the succession of Peter I's grandson Peter II (reigned 1727-30) and served as his guardian. But he then destroyed the will, and when Peter II died he promoted the succession of the duchess of Courland, Anna Ivanovna, the daughter of Peter I's half brother Ivan V (d. 1696). Golovkin helped Anna oppose other members of the Supreme Privy Council who tried to limit her autocratic powers. As a result, he was made a member of her cabinet as well as a senator (1731). Old age and illness, however, prevented him from actively participating in government affairs during Anna's reign.