GUARDA

city and capital of Guarda district, north central Portugal. Lying on the northeast side of the Serra da Estrela at an elevation of 3,465 ft (1,056 m), it is Portugal's highest city. Founded in 1197, Guarda was given a royal charter by Sancho I and was to be a guard (whence its name) against the Moorish invaders. The Gothic cathedral (built 13901540) contrasts with the austere granite houses of the city. Other landmarks include the Blacksmith's Tower and two gates (12th13th centuries), the Mileu Chapel (11th12th centuries), and a 12th-century castle. Because of its brisk and supposedly healthy air, Guarda has an extensive sanatorium. Its industries include leatherwork, metallurgy, and distilling. The eastwest highway and railroad from Coimbra to Spain run through Guarda. Another railroad and paved road extend south from the city. Guarda district (area 2,130 sq mi [5,518 sq km]) is largely rural. The chief occupation is sheep raising, and vines are cultivated in the Douro, Mondego, and Ca river valleys. Tin, zinc, and titanium are mined in the area. Pop. (1981) city, 14,040; district, 205,631.