HALPERN, MOYSHE LEYB

born Jan. 2, 1886, Zlotchev, Galicia, Austria-Hungary died Aug. 31, 1932, New York, N.Y., U.S. American poet whose unsentimental and psychologically complex free verse in Yiddish extols socialism, individual rights, and social justice. Sent to Vienna at age 12 to study sign painting, Halpern learned about socialism and German literature and began writing in German. After he returned home and became influenced by Yiddish writers and intellectuals, he wrote only in Yiddish. Halpern immigrated to North America in 1908, living in poverty in Montreal and New York City; his first poems were published that year. He was a prominent member of Di Yunge (the young ones), a group of New York-based young poets who were influenced by the revolutionary happenings in Russia. He was also, like his colleagues, a member of the immigrant working class who viewed life and poetry through the perspective of European aestheticism. Halpern was considered a major Yiddish poet from the publication of his first collection, In Nyu-York (1919; In New York), which was a literary and financial success. Until 1924 he worked closely with the Yiddish communist daily, Di frayhayt (Freedom), which published his best-known poem, Zlotchev, mayn heym (Zlotchev, My Hometown), an indictment of nostalgia for the shtetl (Eastern European Jewish village). His second collection, Di goldene pave (The Golden Peacock), was released in 1924. He made successful poetry-reading tours of the United States. Two volumes of his poetry were published posthumously, as Moyshe Leyb Halpern (1934).