HEIDENSTAM, VERNER VON

born July 6, 1859, Olshammar, Sweden died May 20, 1940, vralid Heidenstam, oil painting by J.A.G. Acke, 1900; in the Bonnier's Collection, Stockholm in full Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam poet and prose writer who led the literary reaction to the Naturalist movement in Sweden, calling for a renaissance of the literature of fantasy, beauty, and national themes. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1916. Ill health forced Heidenstam to spend most of his youth in the central and eastern Mediterranean countries. His first book of poems, Vallfart och vandringsr (1888; "Pilgrimage and Wander Years"), full of the fables of the southern lands and the philosophy of the East, was an immediate success with the Swedish public. With his essay "Renssans" (1889) he first voiced his opposition to naturalism and the realistic literary program in Sweden. His efforts toward the realization of a new Swedish literature include two volumes of poems, Dikter (1895) and his last volume, Nya dikter (1915), many poems of which are translated in Sweden's Laureate: Selected Poems of Verner von Heidenstam (1919). He also wrote several volumes of historical fiction, the most important of which are Karolinerna, 2 vol. (1897-98; The Charles Men), and Folkungatrdet (1905-07; The Tree of the Folkungs). After the turn of the century Heidenstam's works lost their popular appeal, and he wrote virtually nothing during the last 25 years of his life.