HERZL, THEODOR

born May 2, 1860, Budapest, Hungary, Austrian Empire [now in Hungary] died July 3, 1904, Edlach, Austria founder of the political form of Zionism, a movement to establish a Jewish homeland. His pamphlet The Jewish State (1896) proposed that the Jewish question was a political question to be settled by a world council of nations. He organized a world congress of Zionists that met in Basel, Switz., in August 1897 and became first president of the World Zionist Organization, established by the congress. Although Herzl died more than 40 years before the establishment of the State of Israel, he was an indefatigable organizer, propagandist, and diplomat who had much to do with making Zionism into a political movement of worldwide significance. Additional reading Two good biographies available in English are Alex Bein, Theodore Herzl (1940; orig. pub. in Hebrew; Eng. trans. from the German of 1934); and Amos Elon, Herzl (1975).