HOLLAND, SIR (THOMAS) ERSKINE

born July 17, 1835, Brighton, Sussex, Eng. died May 24, 1926, Oxford English legal writer and teacher of international law whose outstanding work, Elements of Jurisprudence, underwent 13 editions from 1880 to 1924. Educated at Brighton College and at Balliol and Magdalen colleges, Oxford, Holland was called to the bar in 1863, and from 1874 to 1910 he was professor of international law and diplomacy at Oxford. In 1885 he helped to found the Law Quarterly Review. He was British plenipotentiary at the Geneva Conference of 1906. He was knighted in 1917. Holland's edition (1877) of Alberico Gentili's De jure belli (On the Law of War) demonstrated that Hugo Grotius, the noted 17th-century Dutch authority on international law, owed many of his ideas to Gentili, an Italian teacher of civil law at Oxford late in the 16th century. Holland drafted the Admiralty Manual of Naval Prize Law (1888) and the Prize Courts Act (1894). The war office employed him in preparing orders for troops in the field. This work inspired his Laws and Customs of War on Land (1904) and Laws of War on Land (1908).