HOPEFIELD

town, Western Cape province, South Africa, north of Cape Town. The town was laid out in 1852 and was named for the two Cape Colony government officials who were responsible, named Hope and Field. Municipal status was granted in 1914. Hopefield is situated in a semiarid agricultural region; wheat is the principal product, but sheep raising and honey production are also important. The town is connected with Cape Town by rail. The archaeological site of Elandsfontein is located 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Hopefield, about 10 miles (16 km) inland from an estuary of Saldanha Bay and 330 feet (100 m) above sea level. In the early 1950s a large collection of fossilized bones and Paleolithic artifacts was discovered in chalky concretions exposed between high dunes by the prevailing winds. Under the direction of Ronald Singer of the University of Cape Town, more than 20,000 faunal remains and 5,000 artifacts were removed from the site. About 50 mammalian species, approximately half of them extinct, are represented among the fossil bones. The extinct species include an ancestral springbok, a sabre-toothed tiger, and very large wild pigs, lion, baboon, and buffalo; the horns of the buffalo have a span of 10 to 12 feet (3 to 3.6 m). In 1953 Keith Jolly, an archaeologist working with Singer, discovered fragments of a hominid skull known as Saldanha man (formerly Hopefield man). The skull, which dates from the same period as the fauna, is very similar to those found in 1921 at Broken Hill, Northern Rhodesia (now Kabwe, Zambia), and called Rhodesian man. The site appears to have been occupied about the end of the middle Pleistocene and the beginning of the late Pleistocene, between 150,000 and 60,000 years ago. Pop. (1985) 3,163.