JAEN

city, capital of Jan provincia, in the comunidad autnoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain. It lies on the northern side of the Sierra Jabaleuz and north of Granada. Known to the Romans as Aurinx, the city was the centre of the Moorish principality of Jayyn and was reconquered by Ferdinand III of Castile and Leon in 1246. Buildings from these periods include the castle of Santa Catalina, mentioned by 12th-century Arab chroniclers, and the cathedral, begun in 1540 by Andrs de Vandelvira and completed in the 18th century. Jan's economy is based primarily on the production of olive oil. Pop. (1992 est.) 104,235. provincia, in the comunidad autnoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, south-central Spain. It is surrounded by the Sierra Morena (north), the Segura and Cazorla ranges (east), and Parapanda, Lucena, and Segura mountains (south). The western part of the province is composed of plains that lead to the fertile Guadalquivir River valley. There are several irrigation dams and hydroelectric plants on the Guadalquivir. The economy is based on the cultivation of olives, followed in importance by grapes and cereals, and on mining (lead at Linares, iron, copper, uranium, and salt). Industries concentrated in the provincial capital, Jan (q.v.), include the manufacture of automobiles, agricultural machinery, foodstuffs, chemicals, and ceramics. The chief towns, apart from Jan, are Linares, Andjar, Ubeda, and Martos. Area 5,212 square miles (13,498 square km). Pop. (1992 est.) 654,376.