JAFFEE, IRVING

born Sept. 15, 1906, New York, N.Y., U.S. died March 20, 1981, San Diego, Calif. American speed skater who won two Olympic gold medals (1932). His first Winter Games title (1928) was unofficial, though many recognize him as the winner. Jaffee began his Olympic career at the 1928 Games in St. Moritz, Switzerland. In the 10,000-metre contest he held the initial lead, beating Norway's champion Bernt Evensen. During subsequent heats, however, the ice began to melt owing to rising temperatures. Though officials planned to nullify the results and have the heats rerun, the Norwegian competition, Jaffee's only serious threat, failed to return, conceding defeat. The event was later canceled, and no medals were awarded. At the 1932 Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, U.S., Jaffee shared the title as most successful competitor at the Games by taking gold medals in the 5,000-metre and the 10,000-metre races. Controversy surrounded the speed-skating events, however, as the Americans introduced pack-style skating (athletes raced in groups against each other instead of skating in pairs and racing against the clock) amid numerous protests. After Jaffee retired from competition, he continued to stage exhibitions. In 1934 he skated 25 miles in 1 hr 26 min 0.1 sec to set a marathon record. Though Jaffee never won a national championship, he amassed more than 400 medals during his career. He was inducted into the U.S. Skating Hall of Fame in 1940.