JERSEY CITY

city, seat (1840) of Hudson county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S. It is situated on a peninsula between the Hudson and Hackensack rivers, opposite Manhattan Island, New York City, with which it is connected by the Holland Tunnel and the Port Authority Trans-Hudson rapid transit system. Its site, originally inhabited by the Delaware Indians, was first visited by Henry Hudson in 1609. It was settled by Dutch trappers in 1618 and became known as Paulus Hook (renamed Jersey City in 1820). Michael Pauw purchased it from the Delaware about 1630, and by 1660 a permanent settlement had been established. In 1664 the British seized it briefly, returned it to the Dutch, and then regained it in 1674 as part of the spoils in the Dutch War. The town, with its strategic location at the mouth of the Hudson, was held by the British during the American Revolution. It was the site of a daring raid on August 19, 1779, by Henry (Light-Horse Harry) Lee who stormed the British fortifications and forced a British retreat before his troops withdrew. Although the raid was of limited military significance, it was a great psychological boost for the Americans. Jersey City's emergence as a major transportation centre, sharing a communications complex with New York City, began with its dockside facilities (now part of the Port of New York complex) and the completion of railroads and the old Morris Canal in the 1830s. In 1908 the Hudson and Manhattan tubes (tunnels) connected the city to lower Manhattan Island. The city is now highly industrialized, its diversified manufactures including chemicals, containers, electrical equipment, cosmetics, plastics, furniture, candy, pharmaceuticals, automobile parts, and paper products. It is the seat of Jersey City State College (1927) and St. Peter's College (1872). Inc. town, 1804; city, 1820. Pop. (1990) 228,517; (1996 est.) 229,039.