JOKING RELATIONSHIP

institutionalized form of social interaction between two persons or groups in which one is permittedor even requiredto make fun of or tease the other, who, usually, is not permitted to take offense. The joking may be mutual (symmetrical) or formalized in such a way that one person does the teasing and the other does not retaliate (asymmetrical). The form of joking varies and may include verbal abuse, obscenity, or horseplay. The joking relationship combines friendliness and hostility and is generally found in situations in which conflict or rivalry is possible but must be avoided. It may, for example, be used as an instrument of social sanction, the joker calling public attention to an individual or a family group who has behaved in a socially unacceptable way. When a joking relationship occurs between groups, the jocularity, although disrespectful, expresses the separateness of the groups in a manner that averts actual conflict. As a social institution the joking relationship is often found in association with the avoidance relationship, which limits direct personal contact and maintains an extreme degree of respect. For example, in many cultures a man must avoid his mother-in-law and joke with his sisters- and brothers-in-law. Joking relationships are often prescribed between people of opposite sex who are potential partners in marriage or sexual relations; avoidance relations, on the other hand, may be required between persons of opposite sex for whom marital or sexual relations are forbidden. Both of these customsviewed as points along a continuum of respectful behaviour ranging from avoidance to licenseact to stabilize relations that might be subject to conflict. Because patterns of these relationships between certain categories of kinsmen occur with considerable similarity across many cultures with different social structures, it has been suggested that the causal factors are almost universal.