KIMBANGU, SIMON

born Sept. 24, 1889?, Nkamba, near Thysville, Congo Free State [now Mbanza-Ngungu, Congo (Kinshasa)] died Oct. 10, 1951, lisabethville, Belgian Congo [now Lubumbashi, Congo] Congolese religious leader who founded a separatist church known as the Kimbanguist church. Brought up in the British Baptist Missionary Society's mission, Kimbangu suddenly became famous among the Bakongo people of Lower Congo in April 1921. He was reputed to heal the sick and raise the dead, and thousands came to hear his preaching. He was called Ngunza, the Kikongo word for prophet in the Baptist translation of the Bible. Although Kimbangu's preaching had no overtly political content, the Belgian authorities, alarmed by the disturbances that he provoked, arrested him and his immediate followers in September 1921. He was condemned to death, but his sentence was commuted; he spent the rest of his life in prison in lisabethville. Meanwhile, his followers and imitators diffused Ngunzism, or, as it came to be called, Kimbanguism, in the Belgian Congo and the neighbouring French Congo and Angola. During the African nationalist ferment of the 1950s, the Kimbanguists from Nkamba, led by the youngest of the prophet's three sons, Joseph Diangienda (Diangienda ku Ntima), founded and, in September 1959, obtained official recognition for the Kimbanguist church.