KOTO

also called Kin, musical instrument, a Japanese 13-stringed board zither with movable bridges. Although derived from continental Asian models, it has developed structural and musical characteristics that make it specifically Japanese. The paulownia-wood instrument is placed horizontally on the ground or on a low table and is played by plucking the strings with the thumb and first two fingers of the right hand, which are fitted with ivory attachments (tsume: plectrum). The left hand, in traditions after the 16th century, may alter the pitch or ornament the sound of each string by pressing or manipulating the strings on the other side of each bridge. Many tunings are used. The koto, long known as the national instrument of Japan, has enjoyed popularity from the earliest periods of Japanese musical history to the present day in ensemble, chamber, and solo music repertoires. It is related to the Korean kum and the Chinese ch'in.