LEE, ROBERT E

Additional reading Douglas Southall Freeman, R.E. Lee, 4 vol. (193435, reissued 1962), is the definitive biography of Lee; its footnotes provide a rich source of bibliography. There is also a one-volume abridgment by Richard Harwell, Lee (1961, reissued 1982), but with no footnotes or appendixes. New material has, however, caused a reevaluation of Freeman's interpretation of the second day of the Battle of Gettysburg. Clifford Dowdey, Lee (1965), treats the second day at Gettysburg in the light of the new material now generally available; his Death of a Nation (1958, reprinted 1988), a narrative study of the Gettysburg campaign, also uses the new material on the second day. Thomas L. Connelly, The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Society (1977), emphasizes, in contrast to Freeman's portrait, the complex nature of Lee's personality. Lee's years as president of Washington College are chronicled in Charles Bracelen Flood, LeeThe Last Years (1981). Combined biographies of Lee and Grant include Gene Smith, Lee and Grant (1984); and Nancy Scott Anderson and Dwight Anderson, The GeneralsUlysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee (1988).