LINDSAY, VACHEL

born Nov. 10, 1879, Springfield, Ill., U.S. died Dec. 5, 1931, Springfield in full Nicholas Vachel Lindsay American poet whoin an attempt to revive poetry as an oral art form of the common peoplewrote and read to audiences compositions with powerful rhythms that had an immediate appeal. After three years at Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio, Lindsay left in 1900 to study art in Chicago and New York City. He supported himself in part by lecturing for the YMCA and the Anti-Saloon League. Having begun to write poetry, he wandered for several summers throughout the country reciting his poems in return for food and shelter. He first received recognition in 1913, when Poetry magazine published his poem on William Booth, founder of the Salvation Army. His poems of this kind are studded with vivid imagery and express both his ardent patriotism and his romantic appreciation of nature. Lindsay's poetry depicted with evocative clarity such leaders of American cults and causes as Alexander Campbell (a founder of the Disciples of Christ), Johnny Appleseed, John Peter Altgeld, and William Jennings Bryan. Lindsay recited his poetry in a highly rhythmic and syncopated manner that was accompanied by dramatic gestures in an attempt to achieve contact with his audience. Among the 20 or so poems that audiences demanded to hearso often that Lindsay grew weary of reciting themwere General William Booth Enters into Heaven, The Congo, and The Santa Fe Trail. His best volumes of verse include Rhymes To Be Traded for Bread (1912), General William Booth Enters into Heaven and Other Poems (1913), The Congo and Other Poems (1914), and The Chinese Nightingale and Other Poems (1917). Both Lindsay's poetic powers and his faculty of self-criticism steadily declined during the 1920s, and he lost his popularity. He committed suicide by drinking poison. Additional reading Edgar Lee Masters, Vachel Lindsay: A Poet in America (1935, reissued 1969).