MACKENZIE, SIR THOMAS

born , March 10, 1854, Edinburgh died Feb. 14, 1930, Dunedin, N.Z. Scottish-born explorer, businessman, and politician who was for a short time prime minister of New Zealand (1912) and who later served as High Commissioner in London during World War I. Mackenzie's family had immigrated to New Zealand (1858), where, as a young man, he worked as a surveyor and began his own mercantile business. He served in local government and was elected to Parliament (1887). During these years Mackenzie pursued his interests in the natural history of New Zealand. He crossed from Lake Wakatipu to Martins Bay by the Harris Saddle, explored the Tautuku Forest, and led a party to estimate the height of Sutherland Falls. He later became a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. Reelected to Parliament (1900), Mackenzie was an opponent of the Liberals, but by 1909 he was offered and accepted the cabinet posts of industries and commerce and of agriculture in the first ministry of Sir Joseph Ward (1909). When Ward resigned Mackenzie was elected leader of the party and served as prime minister from March 28 to July 10, 1912, when the government was defeated. Mackenzie also resigned his seat and accepted the appointment as High Commissioner in London, where he served with distinction until 1920. He was knighted in 1916. He represented New Zealand at the Peace Conference and the League of Nations and participated in a variety of international gatherings in the United States, dealing with business interests, as the representative for the London Chamber of Commerce. On his return to New Zealand Mackenzie was appointed to the Legislative Council (1921, 1928).