MALLARME, STEPHANE

Additional reading Mallarm's writings are collected in Oeuvres compltes, ed. by Henri Mondor and G. Jean-Aubry (1945, reissued 1989). Correspondance, 11 vol. (195985), collects his letters; some of his letters have been translated in Rosemary Lloyd (ed. and trans.), Correspondence (1988). Biographies include Henri Mondor, Vie de Mallarm, 2 vol. (194142), the standard biography of Mallarm; and Gordan Millan, A Throw of the Dice: The Life of Stphane Mallarm (1994). Malcolm Bowie, Mallarm and the Art of Being Difficult (1978), offers a unique analysis of form and content in Mallarm's poetry. Austin Gill, The Early Mallarm, 2 vol. (197986), is a commentary on the early poems. A.R. Chisholm, Mallarm's Grand Oeuvre (1962), is a useful introduction to Mallarm's work. Other critical studies are Charles Chadwick, Mallarm, sa pense dans sa posie (1962); Pierre Olivier Walzer, Essai sur Stphane Mallarm (1963); Thomas A. Williams, Mallarm and the Language of Mysticism (1970); Guy Michaud, Mallarm, new ed. (1971); Leo Bersani, The Death of Stphane Mallarm (1982), a look at the contradictions in Mallarm's thought; and F.C. St. Aubyn, Stphane Mallarm (1989). Major Works: Poetry. A number of poems contributed to two volumes (1866, 1869) of the anthology Le Parnasse Contemporain and to various magazines from 1862 onward; Posies (1887), a collection of 35 poems selected by Mallarm; Album de vers et de prose (1887), a selection of nine poems from Posies; the book Vers et prose (1893), an expansion of the above to include 21 poems; and Posies, 2nd enl. ed. (1899), to which Mallarm had added about 12 poemspublished six months after his death. Prose poems. Various prose poems contained in the collections Album de vers et de prose (1887), Pages (1891), and Vers et prose (1893); Un Coup de ds jamais n'abolira le hasard, pome, published in the review Cosmopolis (1897). Criticism. Divagations (1897), a collection of articles on such contemporaries as Verlaine, Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, and Wagner and a number of essays on literary matters. Other works. La Dernire Mode (1874), eight issues of a fashion magazine; Les Mots anglais (1877), a study of English vocabulary; Les Dieux antiques (1880), a study of mythology.