MANGALORE

town, administrative headquarters of Dakshin Kannad district, southwestern Karnataka (formerly Mysore) state, southern India, a port on the Arabian Sea. Lying on the backwaters formed by the Netravati and Gurpur rivers, it has long been a roadstead along the Malabar Coast. Engaged in Persian Gulf trade in the 14th century, Mangalore was occupied by the Portuguese in the mid-16th century. Under the Mysore sultans (1763) it became a strategic shipbuilding base, which was ceded to the British in 1799 after numerous sieges. The town, heavily dotted with coconut plantations, has a deceptively rural appearance. It is a busy transshipment centre; ships must anchor 3 mi (5 km) offshore because of sandbars; a deepwater port, however, has been developed for the shipment of mineral ores. Cashew nuts, coffee, and sandalwood are brought from Mysore and Coorg districts; rice, areca nuts, coir yarn (coconut fibre), fish, and cardamom are local products. In the 19th century the German Basel Mission introduced cotton weaving and tile manufacture, and Mangalore remains an important producer of roofing tiles. Other industries include boatbuilding, coffee curing, pottery manufacture, and the making of brick kilns. The suburb of Ullal produces hosiery and coir yarn. Mangalore maintains a great bazaar near its coastal landing place. The town is served by a diesel power station, an airport, and a national highway and is the terminus of the west-coast branch of the Southern Railway. Mangalore is the seat of a Roman Catholic bishopric and a Lutheran mission. It also is an educational centre, with government training and education colleges, an institute of social services, St. Aloysius College (founded by Jesuits in 1880), St. Agnes College, and St. Ann's College; all are affiliated with the University of Mangalore. The Konkani language is associated with the town, and a large percentage of its inhabitants are Christian. Pop. (1981) town, 193,699; metropolitan area, 306,078.