MERCIER, LOUIS-SBASTIEN

born June 6, 1740, Paris, France died April 25, 1814, Paris one of the first French writers of drame bourgeois (middle-class drama). In Du thtre (1773; About the Theatre), he emphasized the didactic function of the theatre, and in his plays he presented a thesis, subordinating dramatic considerations to the didactic end. He criticized traditional French tragedy as artificial and sterile, though he was not himself a technical innovator. Mercier wrote about 60 plays, including a social comedy, La Brouette du vinaigrier (1775; The Barrel-load of the Vinegar Merchant); Jenneval (published 1767; performed 1781), adapted from George Lillo's London Merchant (1731); such dramas as Le Faux Ami (1772; The False Friend) and the antimilitarist Le Dserteur (published 1770, performed 1782; The Deserter); and two historical dramas about the French religious wars, Jean Hennuyer vque de Lisieux (1772; Jean Hennuyer, Bishop of Lisieux) and La Destruction de la ligue (1782; The Destruction of the League), which were so anticlerical and antimonarchical that they were not performed until after the French Revolution. Mercier also wrote a work of prophetic imagination, L'An 2440 (1770; The Year 2440), and Le Tableau de Paris (2 vol., 1781; 12 vol., 178289; The Tableau of Paris), a work that classifies social types in a way that foreshadows the novels of Honor de Balzac. Mercier, nicknamed Le Singe de Jean-Jacques (Jean-Jacques' Ape), was strongly influenced by Jean-Jacques Rousseau's views of society, rejecting the prevalent belief in progress. As a moderate member of the Convention, he opposed the death penalty for Louis XVI. He was imprisoned during the Terror but was released after Robespierre's death.