MISSOURI, FLAG OF

U.S. state flag consisting of a horizontally striped red-white-blue field (background) with a central coat of arms. The state seal of Missouri, which incorporates the coat of arms, was adopted on January 11, 1822. The coat of arms is encircled by a belt with the inscription United we stand, divided we fall and is divided vertically, with the coat of arms of the United States on one side and a crescent and bear on the other. The crescent, a traditional symbol in heraldry of a second son, was intended to indicate that Missouri was the second state to be carved out of the Louisiana Territory. It also symbolized the increasing wealth and population of the state. The bear is a silvertip (mature) grizzly bear, once indigenous to the area. Two similar bears serve as supporters. The Latin motto beneath them reads, Salus populi suprema lex esto (The welfare of the people shall be the supreme law). In the crest there are 23 stars with one larger star rising to join them, indicative of Missouri's status as the 24th state to join the Union. The 24 stars are repeated on a blue ring that surrounds the central design. Also within the coat of arms are a helmet (symbolizing sovereignty) and the Roman numerals for 1820. The background of the flag has stripes of red-white-blue referring both to the United States and to the short-lived Confederate States of America, each of which recognized a separate Missouri state government during the Civil War (186165). The state flag was created in 1909 and was adopted on March 22, 1913. The designer, Marie Elizabeth Watkins Oliver, was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the group responsible for the creation of a number of other state flags. Whitney Smith