MONK, MEREDITH

born Nov. 20, 1942, Lima, Peru in full Meredith Jane Monk American performance artist, a pioneer in the avant-garde, whose work skillfully integrated diverse performance disciplines and media. Monk studied piano and eurhythmics from an early age. She earned a B.A. in 1964 from Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, New York. From the beginning of her career, Monk was interested in singing, filmmaking, choreography, and acting. All these elements are incorporated into her vast body of work, which she termed composite theater. Monk made her debut as a performance artist in 1964, and in 1968 she organized the House, a group devoted to interdisciplinary approaches to the arts. Monk's experimental nature could be seen in her approach to singing. Her vocal music rarely contained recognizable text, as she strove for a sound both primordial and futuristic. To this end she used extended vocal techniquesfrom conventionally sung notes over a four-octave range to a wide variety of nonstandard performance sounds reminiscent of whining, hiccuping, laughing, and animal-like noises. Monk received an Obie Award for her work in 1972. In 1973 she performed Education of the Girlchild, a work without dialogue that explored movement and stasis; she revived it in 1979 and again in 1991. She was awarded a second Obie in 1976 for the theatre piece Quarry. In 1978 Monk founded the vocal ensemble bearing her name and with which she toured worldwide. In addition to live performances, she and her ensemble made numerous recordings, including Our Lady of Late (1974), Dolmen Music (1981), and Turtle Dreams (1983). Monk's feature-length film Book of Days (1989) played at the New York Film Festival, and a shorter version aired on television. Her multimedia opera Atlas premiered in 1991. Her singular style, prolific work, and long-standing success defined her as at once a pioneer and an institution in the relatively new world of performance art. In 1985 she was honoured with a third Obie Award, for sustained achievement, and in 1995 she received a MacArthur Foundation fellowship.