MONROE, JAMES

born April 28, 1758, Westmoreland county, Va. died July 4, 1831, New York, N.Y., U.S. James Monroe, oil sketch by E.O. Sully, 1836, after a contemporary portrait by Thomas Sully; in fifth president of the United States (181725), who issued an important contribution to U.S. foreign policy in the Monroe Doctrine, a warning to European nations against intervening in the Western Hemisphere. The period of his administration has been called the Era of Good Feeling. Additional reading The Writings of James Monroe, 7 vol. (18981903, reprinted 1969), collects public and private papers and correspondence. Stuart Gerry Brown (ed.), The Autobiography of James Monroe (1959), contains two long fragments of Monroe's unfinished autobiography printed in their entirety. W.P. Cresson, James Monroe (1946, reprinted 1986), an extended study, well documented and clear; and Harry Ammon, James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity (1971, reissued 1990), are biographies. Specialized studies of Monroe include Beverley W. Bond, Jr., The Monroe Mission to France, 17941796 (1907), a concise and scholarly work; two essays in Samuel Flagg Bemis (ed.), The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy: Julius W. Pratt, James Monroe, vol. 3 (1927, reprinted 1963), on his career as secretary of state, and Dexter Perkins, John Quincy Adams, vol. 4 (1928, reprinted 1963), treating Monroe in a study of Adams's secretariat; Arthur Styron, The Last of the Cocked Hats: James Monroe & the Virginia Dynasty (1945), an approach that emphasizes the social and cultural background; George Dangerfield, The Era of Good Feelings (1952, reprinted 1980), with a large part devoted to Monroe's administration; Lucius Wilmerding, James Monroe, Public Claimant (1960), a brief study of Monroe's attempts after his retirement from the presidency to establish pecuniary claims against the United States and defend his management of public money; and Noble E. Cunningham, Jr., The Presidency of James Monroe (1996), discussing all aspects of his presidency. Harry Ammon (compiler), James Monroe (1991), is an annotated bibliography.Monroe's wife, Elizabeth Kortright Monroe, is the subject of an essay in Meade Minnigerode, Some American Ladies: Seven Informal Biographies (1926, reissued 1969). Samuel Flagg Bemis The Editors of the Encyclopdia Britannica