MOROZOV, BORIS IVANOVICH

born 1590 died Nov. 1 [Nov. 11, New Style], 1661 Russian boyar and statesman who was chief minister (164548) under Tsar Alexis and influential in the government thereafter. A man of considerable ability, Morozov implemented a number of measures to improve the position of the gentry and townspeople, as well as to stabilize state finances. However, his authoritarian manner and unpopular economy measures alienated many and contributed to the Moscow rebellion of 1648. The tutor and later the brother-in-law of Alexis, Morozov was appointed to several key offices upon the impressionable tsar's accession to the throne in 1645. In order to reduce government expenditures, Morozov dismissed a number of officials and lowered the pay of many others, including the military. He also instituted state monopolies on tobacco and salt, which, in the case of the latter commodity, resulted in the quadrupling of the duty exacted. The salt monopoly proved so unpopular that it was abrogated in 1647, but discontent continued; and, when in 1648 commoners were prevented from petitioning the tsar with their grievances, riots broke out and a number of unpopular officials were lynched. Morozov was exiled for his role but returned a few months later and, though unable to hold office again, effectively ran the government through intermediaries for the next decade. He played an important role in the formulation of the ulozheniye (code of laws) of 1649, which granted a number of rights to the gentry and equalized taxation on the townspeople. However, it also formally tied serfs to the estates on which they resided.