MUTSWAIRO, SOLOMON M.

born April 26, 1924, Zawu, Mazoe District, Rhodesia [now Zimbabwe] earliest Zezuru-language novelist and most important Zezuru poet. Mutswairo grew up in Zambia and was educated at the University College of Fort Hare, S.Af. After teaching at Goromonzi Government Secondary School, he became a headmaster in 1955 at Sanyati Baptist Mission School. He organized branches of the African Teachers' Association and started the African Language Development Association, later the Rhodesian Government Publication Bureau. Arriving in the United States on a Fulbright scholarship in 1960, Mutswairo took several master's degrees and, in 1979, a doctorate at Howard University in Washington, D.C. In July 1981 he returned to Zimbabwe. Mutswairo's first novel, Feso (1956), was later banned by Rhodesian censors, but it quickly became required reading in nationalist circles because the plot seemed to be an allegory of the British-settlerZimbabwean conflict. Mutswairo published his English version of the novel in 1974. Mapondera: Soldier of Zimbabwe (1978), written in English, celebrates Mapondera's great efforts against both Cecil Rhodes and the Portuguese coming into Zimbabwe from the south and the east, respectively. Chaminuka: Prophet of Zimbabwe (1982), a novel, was also written in English. Mutswairo's other works include Murambiwa Goredema (1959), a novel; Ambuyamuderere (1967), Zezuru nursery rhymes; and Madetembedzo Akare naMatsva (1959 and 1962), an anthology of several Zezuru poets.