NAGOYA

capital of Aichi ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan, and one of the country's leading industrial cities. It is located at the head of Ise Bay. The history of Nagoya dates from 1610, when a great castle was erected by the Owari branch of the powerful Tokugawa shogunate. After the Meiji Restoration (1868), which marked the end of shogunal government, Nagoya continued as a commercial centre. The development of Nagoya's port, especially after World War II, and the advantages of the city's central location and abundant hydroelectric power from the rivers of central Honshu stimulated the growth of heavy industry. The traditional manufactures of timepieces, bicycles, and sewing machines were followed by the production of special steels, chemicals, oil, and petrochemicals, as the area's automobile, aviation, and shipbuilding industries flourished. Several railways, including the high-speed Shinkansen (New Trunk Line) railway service running between Osaka and Tokyo, converge on Nagoya. The city is linked to other countries through its port, from which canals lead inland to industrial areas, and by Nagoya Airport, on the north side of the city. Nagoya abounds in cultural assets. Educational institutions include Nagoya University (1939), Nagoya Institute of Technology (1949), and Nagoya City University (1950). An important landmark is Nagoya Castle, originally built in 161012 but destroyed by fire during World War II; it was rebuilt in 1959. The Tokugawa Art Museum preserves the collection of the Tokugawa family. The Atsuta Shrine and the nearby Grand Shrine of Ise are the oldest and most highly esteemed Shinto shrines in Japan. Other institutions include Citizen Hall, Aichi Cultural Centre, Chunichi Hall, and Misono Theatre. Higashiyama Park is noted for its zoological and botanical gardens. Pop. (1990) 2,154,793; (1994 est.) 2,153,293.